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Table 2 Differences in eating behaviour scores by groups over time

From: ‘Do no harm’ - the impact of an intervention for addictive eating on disordered eating behaviours in Australian adults: secondary analysis of the TRACE randomised controlled trial

Variable

Baseline

(pre-intervention)

n = 175

3-month

(immediate post-intervention)

n = 97

6-month

(post-intervention follow-up)

n = 79

Mean difference

baseline to 3-months

Mean difference

3- to 6-months

Mean difference

baseline to 6- months

Group x time

(p-value)

 

Mean ± SE (95% CI)

 

Addictive eating (YFAS 2.0 symptom score / out of 11)

< 0.001

 Active

8.1 ± 0.3

(7.4, 8.7)

3.3 ± 0.5

(2.3, 4.4)

3.5 ± 0.7

(2.3, 4.4)

-4.7 ± 0.5

(-5.8, -3.6)

0.1 ± 0.5

(-0.9, 1.2)

-4.5 ± 0.7

(-5.9, -3.3)

 

 Passive

7.7 ± 0.3

(7.1, 8.4)

4.0 ± 0.7

(2.7, 5.4)

5.6 ± 0.8

(4.0, 7.2)

-3.7 ± 0.7

(-5.0, -2.4)

1.6 ± 0.7

(0.2, 2.9)

-2.1 ± 0.8

(-3.7, -0.6)

 

 Control

7.9 ± 0.3

(7.2, 8.5)

6.3 ± 0.6

(5.2, 7.4)

4.7 ± 0.6

(3.4, 5.9)

-1.5 ± 0.6

(-2.6, -0.4)

-1.7 ± 0.5

(-2.7, -0.7)

-3.2 ± 0.6

(-4.5, -1.9)

 

Eating disorder global score (EDE-Q 6.0 global score / out of 6)

0.013

 Active

2.4 ± 0.1

(2.2, 2.6)

1.8 ± 0.1

(1.5, 2.0)

1.7 ± 0.1

(1.4, 2.0)

-0.6 ± 0.1

(-0.8, -0.4)

-0.1 ± 0.1

(-0.4, 0.2)

-0.7 ± 0.1

(-0.9, -0.5)

 

 Passive

2.3 ± 0.1

(2.1, 2.5)

2.1 ± 0.2

(1.8, 2.4)

1.9 ± 0.2

(1.5, 2.2)

-0.2 ± 0.1

(-0.5, 0.1)

-0.2 ± 0.2

(-0.6, 0.1)

-0.4 ± 0.2

(-0.7, -0.1)

 

 Control

2.3 ± 0.1

(2.2, 2.5)

2.3 ± 0.1

(2.0, 2.5)

2.0 ± 0.1

(1.8, 2.3)

-0.1 ± 0.1

(-0.3, 0.1)

-0.2 ± 0.1

(-0.4, 0.0)

-0.3 ± 0.1

(-0.5, -0.1)

 

Eating disorder subscale scores (EDE-Q 6.0 subscale scores / out of 6)

 

Restraint

      

0.123

 Active

2.6 ± 0.2

(2.2, 3.0)

2.1 ± 0.2

(1.6, 2.6)

2.0 ± 0.3

(1.5, 2.5)

-0.5 ± 0.2

(-1.0, -0.0)

-0.1 ± 0.3

(-0.6, 0.5)

-0.6 ± 0.3

(-1.1, -0.1)

 

 Passive

2.3 ± 0.2

(1.9, 2.6)

2.7 ± 0.3

(2.1, 3.3)

2.0 ± 0.3

(1.4, 2.6)

0.5 ± 0.3

(-0.1, 1.1)

-0.7 ± 0.3

(-1.4, -0.1)

-0.2 ± 0.2

(-0.7, 0.3)

 

 Control

2.7 ± 0.2

(2.3, 3.1)

2.8 ± 0.3

(2.3, 3.3)

2.5 ± 0.2

(2.0, 3.0)

0.0 ± 0.2

(-0.4, 0.5)

-0.2 ± 0.3

(-0.7, 0.3)

-0.2 ± 0.2

(-0.7, 0.3)

 

Eating concern

      

0.090

 Active

2.5 ± 0.2

(2.2, 2.9)

1.4 ± 0.2

(1.0, 1.8)

1.4 ± 0.3

(0.9, 1.9)

-1.1 ± 0.2

(-1.5, -0.7)

-0.0 ± 0.2

(-0.5, 0.4)

-1.2 ± 0.3

(-1.7, -0.7)

 

 Passive

2.6 ± 0.2

(2.2, 2.9)

1.9 ± 0.3

(1.4, 2.4)

1.8 ± 0.3

(1.2, 2.4)

-0.7 ± 0.3

(-1.2, -0.2)

-0.1 ± 0.3

(-0.7, 0.5)

-0.8 ± 0.3

(-1.4, -0.2)

 

 Control

2.5 ± 0.2

(2.2, 2.9)

2.2 ± 0.2

(1.8, 2.6)

2.0 ± 0.2

(1.5, 2.4)

-0.3 ± 0.2

(-0.7, 0.1)

-0.3 ± 0.2

(-0.7, 0.2)

-0.6 ± 0.2

(-1.0, -0.1)

 

Shape concern

      

0.072

 Active

4.5 ± 0.1

(4.2, 4.7)

3.7 ± 0.2

(3.3, 4.1)

3.4 ± 0.2

(3.0, 3.9)

-0.8 ± 0.2

(-1.1, -0.4)

-0.2 ± 0.2

(-0.6, 0.1)

-1.0 ± 0.2

(-1.4, -0.6)

 

 Passive

4.4 ± 0.1

(4.1, 4.6)

3.8 ± 0.2

(3.3, 4.2)

3.6 ± 0.3

(3.0, 4.2)

-0.6 ± 0.2

(-1.0, -0.2)

-0.2 ± 0.2

(-0.6, 0.3)

-0.8 ± 0.3

(-1.3, -0.2)

 

 Control

4.1 ± 0.1

(3.9, 4.4)

4.1 ± 0.2

(3.7, 4.5)

3.8 ± 0.2

(3.3, 4.2)

-0.1 ± 0.2

(-0.4, 0.3)

-0.3 ± 0.2

(-0.6, 0.0)

-0.3 ± 0.2

(-0.8, 0.0)

 

Weight concern

      

0.502

 Active

4.0 ± 0.1

(3.7, 4.2)

3.4 ± 0.2

(3.1, 3.8)

3.3 ± 0.2

(2.9, 3.7)

-0.5 ± 0.2

(-0.9, -0.2)

-0.1 ± 0.2

(-0.5, 0.2)

-0.7 ± 0.2

(-1.1, -0.3)

 

 Passive

4.0 ± 0.1

(3.8, 4.3)

3.6 ± 0.2

(3.2, 4.1)

3.4 ± 0.3

(2.9, 3.9)

-0.4 ± 0.2

(-0.8, -0.0)

-0.2 ± 0.2

(-0.7, 0.2)

-0.6 ± 0.2

(-1.1, -0.2)

 

 Control

3.9 ± 0.1

(3.6, 4.1)

3.7 ± 0.2

(3.3, 4.1)

3.5 ± 0.2

(3.1, 3.9)

-0.2 ± 0.2

(-0.5, 0.1)

-0.2 ± 0.2

(-0.5, 0.1)

-0.4 ± 0.2

(-0.7, 0.0)

 

Binge Eating (BES score / out of 46)

0.090

 Active

24.8 ± 1.2

(22.5, 27.1)

20.9 ± 1.4

(18.1, 23.3)

19.5 ± 1.7

(16.1, 22.9)

-4.0 ± 1.6

(-7.1, -0.8)

-1.3 ± 1.1

(-3.5, 0.8)

-5.3 ± 1.9

(-9.0, -1.6)

 

 Passive

25.5 ± 1.1

(23.3, 27.8)

19.9 ± 1.8

(16.3, 23.4)

20.9 ± 2.2

(16.7, 25.2)

-5.7 ± 1.9

(-9.5, -1.9)

1.1 ± 1.4

(-1.7, 3.9)

-4.6 ± 2.3

(-9.1, -0.1)

 

 Control

24.9 ± 1.2

(22.6, 27.3)

24.9 ± 1.4

(22.1, 27.8)

22.8 ± 1.7

(19.5, 26.2)

-0.0 ± 1.6

(-3.3, 3.2)

-2.1 ± 1.0

(-4.1, -0.1)

-2.1 ± 1.9

(-5.8, 1.6)

 

Binge Eating factors

Binge eating - Behavioural (BES factor score / out of 21)

    

0.167

 Active

11.1 ± 0.6

(10.0, 12.3)

9.7 ± 0.7

(8.3, 11.1)

8.7 ± 0.8

(7.0, 10.3)

-1.4 ± 0.8

(-3.0, 0.2)

-1.0 ± 0.6

(-2.3, 0.2)

-2.4 ± 0.9

(-4.2, -0.6)

 

 Passive

11.4 ± 0.6

(10.3, 12.7)

8.8 ± 0.9

(7.1, 10.6)

9.2 ± 1.0

(7.1, 11.2)

-2.6 ± 0.9

(-4.5, -0.7)

0.4 ± 0.8

(-1.2, 1.9)

-2.3 ± 1.1

(-4.4, -0.1)

 

 Control

11.2 ± 0.6

(10.1, 12.4)

11.4 ± 0.7

(10.0, 12.8)

10.2 ± 0.8

(8.6, 11.8)

0.1 ± 0.8

(-1.5, 1.7)

-1.1 ± 0.5

(-2.2, -0.0)

-1.0 ± 0.9

(-2.8, 0.8)

 

Binge eating - Emotions (BES factor score / out of 25)

    

0.177

 Active

13.7 ± 0.6

(12.5, 15.0)

11.2 ± 0.8

(9.5, 12.8)

10.8 ± 1.0

(8.8, 12.7)

-2.6 ± 1.0

(-4.5, -0.7)

-0.4 ± 0.7

(-1.7, 1.0)

-3.0 ± 1.1

(-5.2, -0.8)

 

 Passive

14.2 ± 0.6

(12.9, 15.4)

11.0 ± 1.0

(8.9, 13.0)

11.7 ± 1.3

(9.2, 14.2)

-3.2 ± 1.2

(-5.5, -0.9)

0.7 ± 0.9

(-1.0, 2.5)

-2.5 ± 1.3

(-5.1, 0.2)

 

 Control

13.8 ± 0.6

(12.5, 15.1)

13.5 ± 0.8

(11.9, 15.2)

12.5 ± 1.0

(10.6, 14.5)

-0.2 ± 1.0

(-2.2, 1.7)

-1.0 ± 0.6

(-2.2, 0.2)

-1.3 ± 1.1

(-3.4, 1.0)

 

Reward-Based Eating (RED-X5 score / out of 20)

0.001

 Active

13.9 ± 0.4

(13.0, 14.7)

10.1 ± 0.6

(8.9, 11.3)

9.3 ± 0.9

(7.5, 11.1)

-3.8 ± 0.5

(-4.9, -2.7)

-0.8 ± 0.8

(-2.3, 0.7)

-4.6 ± 0.9

(-6.2, -2.9)

 

 Passive

14.3 ± 0.4

(13.5, 15.1)

11.8 ± 0.7

(10.3, 13.3)

11.8 ± 1.1

(9.6, 14.0)

-2.5 ± 0.7

(-3.9, -1.1)

0.0 ± 1.0

(-1.9, 1.9)

-2.5 ± 1.1

(-4.6, -0.4)

 

 Control

13.7 ± 0.4

(12.8, 14.5)

13.2 ± 0.6

(12.0, 14.4)

12.5 ± 0.8

(10.9, 14.2)

-0.5 ± 0.6

(-1.6, 0.6)

-0.6 ± 0.7

(-2.0, 0.8)

-1.1 ± 0.8

(-2.7, 0.5)

 

General ‘non-compulsive’ grazing (SIG score / out of 6)

0.045

 Active

4.5 ± 0.2

(4.1, 4.9)

3.1 ± 0.2

(2.6, 3.5)

3.0 ± 0.3

(2.4, 3.6)

-1.4 ± 0.2

(-1.9, -1.0)

-0.1 ± 0.3

(-0.6, 0.5)

-1.5 ± 0.3

(-2.1, -0.9)

 

 Passive

4.2 ± 0.2

(3.8, 4.5)

3.0 ± 0.3

(2.4, 3.6)

3.4 ± 0.4

(2.7, 4.2)

-1.1 ± 0.3

(-1.7, -0.5)

0.4 ± 0.4

(-0.3, 1.1)

-0.7 ± 0.4

(-1.4, 0.0)

 

 Control

4.5 ± 0.2

(4.1, 4.8)

4.0 ± 0.2

(3.5, 4.5)

3.8 ± 0.3

(3.3, 4.4)

-0.5 ± 0.3

(-1.0, 0.0)

-0.2 ± 0.3

(-0.7, 0.3)

-0.7 ± 0.3

(-1.2, -0.1)

 

Loss of control ‘compulsive’ grazing (SIG score / out of 6)

0.001

 Active

3.8 ± 0.2

(3.4, 4.2)

1.9 ± 0.3

(1.4, 2.4)

2.0 ± 0.3

(1.3, 2.6)

-1.8 ± 0.3

(-2.4, -1.3)

0.1 ± 0.3

(-0.5, 0.6)

-1.8 ± 0.3

(-2.4, -1.1)

 

 Passive

3.2 ± 0.2

(2.7, 3.6)

2.1 ± 0.3

(1.4, 2.7)

2.6 ± 0.4

(1.8, 3.4)

-1.1 ± 0.3

-1.7, -0.4)

0.5 ± 0.37

(-0.2, 1.3)

-0.5 ± 0.4

(-1.3, 0.3)

 

 Control

3.8 ± 0.2

(3.3, 4.2)

3.5 ± 0.3

(3.0, 4.0)

3.0 ± 0.3

(2.3, 3.6)

-0.3 ± 0.3

(-0.8, 0.3)

-0.5 ± 0.3

(-1.1, -0.0)

-0.8 ± 0.3

(-1.4, -0.2)

 
  1. Linear Mixed Models fitting addictive eating, mental health variables as the dependent variable, time measurement, intervention group, and interaction between time and group term as fixed effect. YFAS 2.0, Yale Food Addiction Scale; EDE-Q 6.0, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire 6.0; BES, Binge Eating Scale; RED-X5, Reward-Based Eating Drive Scale; SIG, Short Inventory of Grazing
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Journal of Eating Disorders

ISSN: 2050-2974