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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and probable muscle dysmorphia comparisons among a sample of boys and men (N = 1,488)

From: Prevalence and correlates of muscle dysmorphia in a sample of boys and men in Canada and the United States

 

Overall

N = 1,488

No MD

n = 1,447

MD

n = 41

  

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

pa

t / Vb

Age (M [SD])

24.1 (5.6)

24.1 (5.6)

22.9 (5.7)

0.163

1.39

Age Groups

   

0.146

-0.04

 < 18 years

12.2 (181)

12.0 (19.5)

19.5 (8)

  

 ≥ 18 years

87.81 (1,304)

88.0 (1,271)

80.6 (33)

  

BMI (M [SD])

25.2 (6.2)

25.3 (6.2)

22.1 (3.8)

0.001

3.34

Gender

   

0.064

0.06

 Cisgender Boy/Man

82.4 (1,199)

82.0 (1,160)

95.1 (39)

  

 Trans Boy/Man

7.4 (108)

7.5 (106)

4.9 (2)

  

 Gender Expansive and Other

10.2 (148)

10.5 (148)

0.0 (0)

  

Race/Ethnicity

   

0.206

0.07

 White

65.3 (922)

65.3 (895)

65.9 (27)

  

 Black

3.1 (43)

2.6 (39)

9.8 (4)

  

 Asian

11.0 (155)

11.1 (152)

7.3 (3)

  

 Latin American

4.0 (57)

4.1 (56)

2.4 (1)

  

 Other

3.6 (51)

3.6 (50)

2.4 (1)

  

 Multi-Racial

13.0 (183)

13.0 (178)

12.2 (5)

  

Sexual Orientation

   

0.960

0.02

 Heterosexual

48.2 (678)

48.2 (659)

46.3 (19)

  

 Gay

19.9 (280)

19.8 (271)

22.0 (9)

  

 Bisexual

13.9 (196)

13.9 (190)

14.6 (6)

  

 Queer

8.0 (112)

7.9 (108)

9.8 (4)

  

 Questioning and Other

10.1 (142)

10.2 (139)

7.3 (3)

  

Education

   

0.059

0.06

 High School Diploma or Less

43.8 (620)

43.4 (596)

58.5 (24)

  

 College or Undergraduate Degree

39.6 (561)

39.7 (546)

36.6 (15)

  

 Master’s Degree or Higher

16.5 (234)

16.9 (232)

4.9 (2)

  

Relationship Status

   

0.038

-0.06

 Single

54.8 (780)

54.3 (751)

70.7 (29)

  

 In a Relationship

45.2 (643)

45.7 (631)

29.3 (12)

  

Country

   

0.379

0.02

 Canada

58.4 (759)

58.6 (740)

51.4 (19)

  

 United States

41.6 (541)

41.4 (523)

48.6 (18)

  

Probable Muscle Dysmorphia

2.8 (41)

-

-

-

 
  1. a Statistical significance was determined using chi-square tests for categorial variables and independent samples t-tests for continuous variables
  2. bt statistic from independent samples t-tests for continuous variables and Cramér’s V for categorical variables
  3. Boldface indicates statistical significance at p <.05.
  4. MD = Muscle dysmorphia; M = Mean; SD = Standard deviation; BMI = Body mass index