From: Athletes with eating disorders: clinical-psychopathological features and gender differences
HC | ED-A | ED+A | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | |||||||||||||
(n = 50) | (n = 14) | (n = 50) | (n = 14) | (n = 50) | (n = 14) | |||||||||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |d| | p | |d| | p | |d| | p | |d| | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | |d| | |
EDI-2 Drive thinness | 3.42 | 4.36 | 5.57 | 5.61 | 0.131 | 0.43 | 14.36 | 5.99 | 12.79 | 5.49 | 0.380 | 0.27 | 13.72 | 7.50 | 8.86 | 5.57 | 0.028* | 0.74† |
EDI-2 Body dissatisfaction | 9.40 | 7.63 | 9.07 | 8.69 | 0.891 | 0.04 | 18.12 | 8.00 | 13.00 | 9.27 | 0.045* | 0.59† | 15.36 | 9.31 | 5.29 | 4.18 | 0.001* | 1.40† |
EDI-2 Interoceptive awareness | 2.82 | 2.69 | 1.71 | 1.82 | 0.154 | 0.48 | 9.72 | 7.26 | 9.71 | 7.30 | 0.998 | 0.00 | 10.52 | 7.42 | 4.93 | 3.93 | 0.009* | 0.94† |
EDI-2 Bulimia | 1.00 | 1.37 | 2.21 | 3.04 | 0.034* | 0.51† | 5.98 | 5.47 | 4.50 | 4.83 | 0.363 | 0.29 | 5.88 | 5.18 | 2.21 | 2.61 | 0.013* | 0.89† |
EDI-2 Interpersonal distrust | 3.98 | 3.60 | 4.21 | 3.64 | 0.831 | 0.06 | 5.34 | 4.15 | 3.57 | 4.22 | 0.165 | 0.42 | 5.16 | 4.74 | 3.93 | 3.17 | 0.364 | 0.31 |
EDI-2 Ineffectiveness | 3.44 | 3.23 | 3.21 | 2.78 | 0.813 | 0.07 | 9.74 | 6.43 | 6.93 | 8.07 | 0.177 | 0.39 | 10.38 | 7.60 | 3.79 | 3.33 | 0.003* | 1.12† |
EDI-2 Maturity fears | 4.20 | 3.46 | 4.50 | 2.88 | 0.768 | 0.09 | 7.32 | 5.61 | 7.93 | 6.96 | 0.735 | 0.10 | 7.68 | 6.12 | 6.57 | 4.78 | 0.534 | 0.20 |
EDI-2 Perfectionism | 2.98 | 2.93 | 2.57 | 2.21 | 0.631 | 0.16 | 5.22 | 4.38 | 7.00 | 5.11 | 0.200 | 0.37 | 7.32 | 5.31 | 3.36 | 4.47 | 0.013* | 0.81† |
EDI-2 Impulse regulation | 1.62 | 3.29 | 2.29 | 3.60 | 0.515 | 0.19 | 5.58 | 5.69 | 7.71 | 6.09 | 0.227 | 0.36 | 6.04 | 6.17 | 2.07 | 2.97 | 0.023* | 0.82† |
EDI-2 Ascetic | 2.16 | 1.69 | 3.57 | 2.41 | 0.015* | 0.68† | 7.20 | 4.24 | 7.21 | 4.49 | 0.991 | 0.00 | 7.88 | 5.23 | 4.64 | 3.50 | 0.033* | 0.73† |
EDI-2 Social Insecurity | 3.50 | 3.55 | 4.79 | 3.75 | 0.241 | 0.35 | 6.72 | 4.28 | 5.43 | 6.21 | 0.372 | 0.24 | 7.14 | 5.83 | 3.64 | 3.34 | 0.036* | 0.74† |
EDI-2 Total scale | 38.52 | 15.72 | 43.71 | 11.82 | 0.256 | 0.37 | 95.30 | 38.71 | 85.79 | 50.26 | 0.450 | 0.21 | 97.10 | 53.32 | 49.29 | 22.31 | 0.002* | 1.17† |
SCL-90R Somatization | 1.32 | 0.86 | 0.69 | 0.53 | 0.011* | 0.89† | 1.76 | 0.87 | 1.49 | 0.77 | 0.300 | 0.33 | 1.60 | 0.98 | 0.82 | 0.64 | 0.006* | 0.95† |
SCL-90R Obsessive-compul. | 1.05 | 0.74 | 1.14 | 0.95 | 0.685 | 0.11 | 1.73 | 0.78 | 1.84 | 0.92 | 0.662 | 0.13 | 1.80 | 0.95 | 1.01 | 0.91 | 0.007* | 0.86† |
SCL-90R Interp.sensitivity | 0.96 | 0.73 | 1.06 | 0.77 | 0.644 | 0.14 | 2.07 | 0.89 | 1.70 | 0.99 | 0.183 | 0.39 | 1.91 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 0.97 | 0.006* | 0.88† |
SCL-90R Depression | 1.16 | 0.80 | 0.89 | 0.78 | 0.270 | 0.34 | 2.20 | 0.76 | 1.88 | 0.93 | 0.187 | 0.38 | 2.07 | 1.03 | 1.40 | 0.98 | 0.031* | 0.68† |
SCL-90R Anxiety | 0.97 | 0.75 | 0.53 | 0.62 | 0.052 | 0.63† | 1.65 | 0.79 | 1.49 | 0.99 | 0.548 | 0.17 | 1.62 | 0.90 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.007* | 0.88† |
SCL-90R Hostility | 0.55 | 0.65 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.554 | 0.18 | 1.40 | 1.07 | 1.71 | 1.18 | 0.341 | 0.28 | 1.27 | 0.89 | 0.81 | 0.55 | 0.073 | 0.62† |
SCL-90R Phobic anxiety | 0.63 | 0.79 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.142 | 0.53† | 0.99 | 0.76 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 0.909 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 0.51 | 0.73 | 0.123 | 0.52† |
SCL-90R Paranoia | 0.77 | 0.67 | 0.88 | 0.74 | 0.605 | 0.15 | 1.38 | 0.80 | 1.48 | 0.87 | 0.707 | 0.11 | 1.40 | 0.92 | 0.82 | 0.70 | 0.033* | 0.71† |
SCL-90R Psychotic | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.881 | 0.04 | 1.39 | 0.75 | 1.29 | 0.88 | 0.670 | 0.12 | 1.33 | 0.80 | 0.82 | 0.66 | 0.033* | 0.70† |
SCL-90R GSI | 0.95 | 0.63 | 0.77 | 0.52 | 0.324 | 0.32 | 1.72 | 0.65 | 1.60 | 0.82 | 0.570 | 0.16 | 1.65 | 0.83 | 0.98 | 0.69 | 0.008* | 0.87† |
SCL-90R PST | 45.42 | 23.44 | 37.29 | 19.33 | 0.239 | 0.38 | 64.64 | 14.68 | 61.07 | 16.45 | 0.436 | 0.23 | 60.28 | 21.42 | 44.36 | 23.17 | 0.019* | 0.71† |
SCL-90R PSDI | 1.71 | 0.54 | 1.88 | 0.63 | 0.321 | 0.29 | 2.35 | 0.54 | 2.24 | 0.66 | 0.511 | 0.19 | 2.29 | 0.63 | 1.74 | 0.70 | 0.007* | 0.82† |
TCI-R Novelty seeking | 97.82 | 12.02 | 100.50 | 11.46 | 0.460 | 0.23 | 102.24 | 13.80 | 100.64 | 19.39 | 0.728 | 0.09 | 100.56 | 14.93 | 92.71 | 17.69 | 0.100 | 0.52† |
TCI-R Harm avoidance | 106.72 | 16.68 | 98.79 | 19.52 | 0.135 | 0.44 | 112.12 | 19.07 | 111.07 | 24.55 | 0.865 | 0.05 | 110.96 | 22.87 | 96.50 | 23.14 | 0.041* | 0.63† |
TCI-R Reward depend. | 105.54 | 15.68 | 94.57 | 13.24 | 0.020* | 0.76† | 99.82 | 14.77 | 102.50 | 13.87 | 0.546 | 0.19 | 101.90 | 16.75 | 94.71 | 10.17 | 0.133 | 0.52† |
TCI-R Persistence | 109.70 | 15.94 | 105.00 | 18.68 | 0.351 | 0.27 | 112.42 | 22.48 | 118.07 | 22.79 | 0.410 | 0.25 | 122.74 | 21.28 | 114.00 | 10.93 | 0.145 | 0.52† |
TCI-R Self-directedness | 141.08 | 21.34 | 127.79 | 24.95 | 0.052 | 0.57† | 119.32 | 18.19 | 124.29 | 28.07 | 0.430 | 0.21 | 120.52 | 24.00 | 139.50 | 18.14 | 0.008* | 0.89† |
TCI-R Cooperativeness | 139.88 | 13.22 | 125.14 | 17.47 | 0.001* | 0.95† | 134.94 | 16.51 | 127.36 | 11.41 | 0.112 | 0.53† | 130.80 | 19.86 | 136.64 | 13.11 | 0.304 | 0.35 |
TCI-R Self-transcend. | 61.86 | 14.61 | 60.57 | 14.34 | 0.771 | 0.09 | 61.24 | 15.09 | 70.79 | 20.51 | 0.058 | 0.53† | 66.48 | 16.19 | 59.43 | 13.33 | 0.141 | 0.51† |
Suicidal behavior | n | % | n | % | p | |h| | n | % | n | % | p | |h| | n | % | n | % | p | |h| |
Suicidal ideation | 11 | 22.00% | 2 | 14.29% | 0.526 | 0.20 | 16 | 32.00% | 4 | 28.57% | 0.807 | 0.07 | 19 | 38.00% | 1 | 7.14% | 0.028* | 0.79† |
Suicidal attempts | 3 | 6.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0.348 | 0.51† | 4 | 8.00% | 3 | 21.43% | 0.155 | 0.39 | 5 | 10.00% | 1 | 7.14% | 0.746 | 0.10 |