Fig. 1

Visualizations of visual information by category. The visualization is derived from the bubbles task [17], where random parts of the image are obscured, and the importance of individual pixels is determined based on the participant’s task performance when the pixel is obscured or revealed. Brighter color reflects greater importance of the pixels for emotion categorization. Note that the ideal observer images have the same shape, in order to force the algorithm to focus on the features within the face rather than facial contours